The fossil record of ammonoids from Carboniferous-Permian of Mexico and its biostratigraphical, paleobiogeographical and paleoenvironmental contributions: a review
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Abstract
Ammonoids are very useful proxies in stratigraphy, considered important index fossils. Because of their relevance, in this work, we made a complete revision related to ammonoids occurring in the Carboniferous and Permian outcrops of Mexico. We took into account the Carboniferous localities of the Huizachal-Peregrina Anticlinorium in Tamaulipas and Santiago Ixtaltepec in Oaxaca; while for the Permian, the localities of El Antimonio in Sonora, Las Delicias in Coahuila, Placer de Guadalupe in Chihuahua, San Salvador Patlanoaya in Puebla, Olinalá in Guerrero, and Chicomuselo in Chiapas were contemplated. The results included six families, six genera, and six species of the Carboniferous, while the Permian was represented by 13 families, 24 genera, and 47 species. Regarding specific names, it is necessary revising the classification of different outdated records. As to the biostratigraphy, four ammonoid zones of the Carboniferous were recognized, encompassing from the Visean (Middle Mississippian) to the Gzhelian (Upper Pennsylvanian). The Permian data included six to eight zones, depending on the author, from the Sakmarian to the Wuchiapingian. Likewise, we revised the occurrence of Carboniferous-Permian Mexican records in other regions of the world; in addition, it discusses about the paleobiogeography of the group, highlighting an apparent affinity with the biotas reported in several localities from the late Paleozoic of the United States. Although ammonoids are not useful tools to determine depositional paleoenvironments, given their abundance in areas related to shallow waters or near sandbanks or reefs and their evident absence in deep environment facies, it points out that during the Carboniferous-Permian there may have been some preference for these organisms to inhabit shallow environments.
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