The Upper Bajocian and Lower Bathonian (Jurassic) Amonite Faunas of Oaxaca, Mexico And West-Tethyan affinities
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Abstract
The Ammonitina of the Taberna Formation, partly known from the works of Burckhardt (1927) and Ochoterena (1963), is revised, based mostly on the collections of Erben (1956). The well known lower fauna, here named the Parastrenoceras ammonite association, includes abundant Leptosphinctes s. str., Parastrenoceras and Oppelia s. str.; some Stephanoceras s. str.; and rare Sphaeroceratinae and ?Lupherites. This association is close to and partly conspecific with that of the European-North Chilean Subfurcatum Zone which is therefore extended to Mexico. Leptosphinctes tabernai n. sp. probably occurs in SW Germany; Oppelia subradiata erbeni n. subsp. is the first good evidence of this species outside Western Tethys; similarly, Parastrenoceras is known only from Europe and Mexico. Eastern Pacific elements are possibly minor associates, ie. ?Stephanoceras cf. chilense Hillebrandt and ?Lupherites. The association is much more closely affiliated to the West Tethyan than to the circum-Pacific fauna and is good evidence for a “Central Atlantic” marine connection between the Pacific and Tethys.
The upper, mainly lower Bathonian ammonite fauna is known only from old collections without locality data. Arkell's assumption (1956; Arkell et al., 1957) that the Duashnú “Stephanoceras” are in fact Zigzagiceras, is confirmed; “S.” floresi Burckhardt is type species of Z, (Duashnoceras) n. subgen. The apparently associated “Stephanoceras aff. psilacanthum” is classified as Zigzagiceratinae gen. ef sp. nov. A; and most of the “Dactylioceras sp. indet.” are tentatively placed in Planisphínctes. Z. floresi is the only known Zigzagiceras from outside Europe, again evidence for a marine connection between the eastern Pacific and western Tethys. This is also the first good indicator of the lower Bathonian in the circum-Pacific area.
Conservative palaeogeographic reconstruction of a Oaxaca embayment opening to the Pacific Ocean is difficult to reconcile with the biogeographic affinities of its Bajocian -early Bathonian ammonite faunas.
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