Paleoenvironment of an Upper Sinemurian outcrop in the Huayacocotla Formation based on taphonomic attributes
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Abstract
The paleoenvironmental studies of the Huayacocotla Formation of Sinemurian age (early Jurassic) are scarce, thus it is presented a paleoenvironmental intepretaction based on a invetebrate fossil assemblage recovered from strata belonging to that body rock, that outcrop in the state of Puebla, central Mexico. The invertebrate record is represented by ammonoids that are inhabitants of the water-column, as well as by benthic bivalves and benthic equinoderms of silt-sandy sediments. In the present report are defined two different taphofacies. The taphofacies 1 is characterized by complete but isolated ammonoids and articulated bivalves; this fossil arrangement is comparable to that observed in the type locality of the Huayacocotla Formation. The taphofacies 2 shows three lateral variants, including bivalves of similar size that are preferentially oriented; a mixture of disarticulated ammonoids and bivalves that are complete; and unidentifiable bioclasts of milimetric size. The functional morphology of the fossil material are indicative of proximal neritic platform (Gervillella sp., Paltechioceras rothpletzi), medial neritic platform (Gleviceras chofatti, P. harbledownense, P. rothpletzi, Weyla sp.), and distal neritic platform (Phylloceras sp.). On the other hand, the analysis of nine taphonomic variables (preservation, perforation, incrustation, disarticulation, deformation, orientation, position, fragmentation, and size of the bioclasts) schematized in ternary taphograms, suggests postmortem redeposition of some ammonoids, bivalves and crinoids; and moderate dragging of the bivalves. The taphonomic data are consistent with an environment characterized by a high sedimentation ratio and lateral flux of low volumen; this contention with the sedimentary petrology suggest that, in particular, the Taphofacies 2 probably resulted by a fluvial crecient, whereas the presence of phyloceratids suggests proximity to the open sea. The influx of near-shore water to the neritic platform is corroborated by the presence of plant remains and its chemical compounds, including pristane, phytane, and alkanes (n-27); these elements were reported in previous geochemical studies performed simultaneously in the study area.
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