Análisis de elementos mayores en rocas sedimentarias de la sección La Joya del Misisípico Medio-Pensilvánico Medio en Sierra Agua Verde, Sonora, México
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La Sierra Agua Verde es un importante sitio paleontológico en el noroeste de México. Si bien se han realizado numerosos estudios estratigráficos y paleontológicos en esta área, la falta de investigación geoquímica ha dificultado una comprensión completa de su contexto paleoambiental. Nuestro estudio se centró principalmente en examinar la piedra caliza fosilífera del período del Medio Mississippi al Medio Pensilvania en la región. Utilizando fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF), medimos las concentraciones de óxidos de elementos principales en muestras de piedra caliza de roca a granel. Este análisis nos ayudó a inferir las condiciones paleoambientales a través de proporciones elementales y coeficientes de correlación. Las muestras presentan un enriquecimiento de calcio, y algunas también exhibieron altas proporciones de magnesio/calcio (Mg/Ca). La relación silicio/aluminio (Si/Al), similar a Si/Ca, se interpretó como indicativa de productividad, potencialmente atribuida a la presencia de esponjas silíceas. Sin embargo, los elevados valores de silicio también podrían deberse a procesos de meteorización continental. Los picos en los valores elementales distintos del calcio pueden indicar episodios de afluencia fluvial hacia la plataforma carbonatada donde se asentaron estos sedimentos. Relacionamos la curva de elementos principales con estudios previos de isótopos estables para determinar si la entrada de elementos detríticos se alineaba con las condiciones climáticas globales o regionales. Nuestras hipótesis fueron corroboradas mediante análisis estadístico, arrojando dendrogramas que resaltaron asociaciones entre elementos como Al y K, así como Fe y Ti (Índice de Morisita). Esto podría sugerir la precipitación de minerales como ortoclasa/illita e ilmenita. Además, la creciente divergencia entre Mg y Mn en comparación con el clado Al-K, junto con el Si, podría explicar la fuerte conexión Fe-Ti, reflejando la tendencia de Mn y Ti a formar óxidos. La coprecipitación de Si y P también podría estar relacionada con episodios de productividad. Sin embargo, el contenido de Si podría indicar entrada de cuarzo o una contribución de sílice biogénica.
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