Oncolitas cámbricas de San José de Gracia, Sonora, México
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Oncolitos descubiertos recientemente en una localidad del Cámbrico Temprano en San José de Gracia (SJG), Sonora (México), ilustran la amplia distribución que éstos tuvieron en esta parte de Laurentia hace unos 515–510 Ma. Son excepcionalmente grandes (~44 mm) en comparación con otras formas marinas del Banco de Carbonato del Cámbrico de Norte América, pero similares en morfología y ambiente de depósito. Su asociación con abundantes biomorfos, especialmente estructuras filamentosas con la curvatura y arreglo espacial que demuestran su biogenicidad, apoyan su origen biológico. Características morfológicas clave incluyen su crecimiento laminado al menos en alguna porción del oncolito, su forma sub-esférica con porosidad interna, y que están nucleados por fragmentos esqueletales (conchas de molusco) y concreciones pelíticas. La similitud de los oncolitos de SJG con otros de localidades que hoy se encuentran a cientos de kilómetros de distancia, sugiere que en esta parte de Laurentia existieron ecosistemas microbianos masivos en aguas someras en ese tiempo. Eso habla del impacto que tuvieron los microbios en la estructuración de los sedimentos, así como en la productividad primaria global y el ciclo del Carbono durante el Fanerozoico Temprano.
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