Mujeres de América y su aporte a la paleontología de peces
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Tradicionalmente los estudios paleontológicos han sido conducidos por investigadores del sexo masculino y no es la excepción cuando se trata del estudio de peces fósiles; sin embargo, en las últimas décadas, mujeres paleoictiólogas se han sumado al conocimiento de este grupo tan diverso de vertebrados, siendo este incremento más notable en Europa. En este trabajo se resaltan los estudios realizados por mujeres de las Américas que han contribuido de manera sobresaliente al entendimiento del origen, evolución, diversificación y clasificación de los peces. Su incansable labor por entender los caracteres morfológicos que definen a los taxones, la ontogenia, las homologías, los patrones evolutivos, las relaciones filogenéticas y paleogeográficas de los peces, tanto recientes como fósiles, es reconocida; no obstante, es necesario resaltar la calidad humana, sencillez y resiliencia de estas grandes paleoictiólogas que han enfrentado retos y obstáculos, y que, a su vez, se han concentrado en formar nuevos especialistas que continúen su legado, además de formar una comunidad intercultural con los interesados en el estudio de este grupo.
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Los peces son el grupo de vertebrados más numerosos que existe y su registro fósil es extenso. Los estudios sobre los peces fósiles comenzaron hace más de un siglo y han sido liderados principalmente por hombres; no obstante, en las últimas décadas las mujeres han desempeñado un papel importante en el conocimiento de su taxonomía, clasificación, relaciones de parentesco, ecología y evolución. La historia de estas especialistas comenzó en Europa y Asia, donde fueron entrenadas por hombres expertos en el tema; algunas lograron obtener puestos importantes en instituciones de renombre, pero otras no tuvieron la misma suerte. Lo mismo ocurrió en países de las Américas, aunque existen varios ejemplos de superación. La falta de oportunidades para conseguir un trabajo que les permita hacer investigación, además de las responsabilidades que adquieren si optan por la maternidad y el cuidado de la familia, son factores que pueden llevar a buscar otras posibilidades para subsistir. En este trabajo se muestra la historia del desarrollo de los estudios en peces fósiles, haciendo énfasis en las Américas y se resaltan las importantes contribuciones de algunas mujeres especialistas en el grupo.
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